How would pet therapy benefit children with autism Research Proposal

How would pet therapy benefit children with autism - Research Proposal Example He further added that the disease targets those areas of the brain responsible for social integration, language, abstract and creative thinking. The symptoms of autism include social impairment, poor communication skills (both verbal and non-verbal), and through repetitive, stereotyped and repetitive behaviour (APA, 2000). Individuals suffering from autism usually struggle with stressful and changing environments, and are also very sensitive to environmental stimuli. Children with autism have trouble interacting with others and people usually have a bizarre reaction when encountering them. On top of this, traditional psychotherapeutic and educational interventions have for a long time failed to present consistent improvements in children suffering from autism. Since conventional forms of intervention are failing to provide reliable and successful intervention, it is important to seek other innovative forms of autism management. This paper seeks to look at pet therapy and the manner in which it can be used to detect and manage symptoms related to autism. For this study, the independent variable will be pet therapy while the dependent variable will be autistic-related symptoms. The pet therapy applied will depend on the types of pets used in a chosen institution while autistic-related symptoms will be taken as a whole i.e. change in symptoms over time. As explained above autism is a neurological brain disorder characterized by communication impairment, social impairment and repetitive, restricted or stereotyped behaviour. The disease manifests itself before a child attains three years of age and persists into old age. The disorder is one of three disorders that comprise the autism spectrum (ASD). As of 2012, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that 20 per 1000 children have autism in the United States (Blumberg, 2013). Pet therapy is the use of animals in managing certain psychoneurotic disorders. The

Massive Tourism Essay Example for Free

Massive Tourism Essay In this globalized world the stress caused by the workload and the problems that occur everyday in our social environment, have a direct effect on the health of the person, who tries to find a way to release the tension. This is why many doctors recommend recreation in the form of travel to avoid harm to our health. Nowadays Tourism has a key part in the lives of every person, but mostly business people. They use it as a way to connect with their children and at the same time, recover their lost energy. These believe has spread all over the world and now Massive Tourism has become an important issue in the Government plans and the Tourism Industry. Massive Tourism happens when large masses of tourist arrive to visit a place. Travel Agencies offer tour packages to groups of people to get lower airfares, room rates, etc. Massive Tourism has a direct effect on the economy of the country, by increasing the incomes and providing more work. But many countries aren’t prepared to receive large groups of people, which causes damage to the culture, infrastructure and also to the environment. Advantages of Massive Tourism  For People Tour Operators and Travel Agencies offer Tour Packages to tourist around the world, to visit and enjoy another countries culture without the need to plan all the activities, transport or accommodations by themselves and by traveling in large groups they get lower costs. This is why the number of tourist has increased, because nowadays it is easier to travel, not to mention cheaper. What most people look for in a trip is to leave all worries and problems behind, and just enjoy and relax for a determined amount of time in another city or country and away form their normal lives. Tour operators can offer lower costs because by making these tour packages they an agreement with the hotel, airlines, museums, etc, who are part of the package. These companies offer the operators a lesser cost, in exchange of promotion, which they get with this tour packages. Both the companies and the tourist benefit from this packages. Also because you travel with a group that will share the same activities and interests it is probable to form relationships and friendships with new people. For Governments Large groups of people arrive everyday to a country, and they expend money by realizing various activities during their stay. For example food, museums, discos, shopping, transport). This is why the country benefits from massive tourism because it has a positive effect on the economy of the country by increasing the incomes. The Tourism Industry is ever growing, which results in more job openings and increases the interest of studying tourism related careers to improve the service given in their country and also to have a bigger involvement to incentive the tourist activities and at the same time, protect the natural patrimony. In addition, massive tourism boosts other kinds of tourism, such s eco tourism which increases investments to create new recreational, and tourist areas. Another advantage of massive tourism is that it improves the relationship between countries. Disadvantages One disadvantage is the rapidly spread of the diseases because of massive tourism. Most people who travels likes to go to a completely different place. For example, they want to visit exotic places. But they do not know the real consequence of their adventure. Sometimes, they are taken by the emotion of the trip and they don’t inform well about the places they are going. One case took place in China. There was a new virus, very contagiously, which spread fast due to the tourists who travel around the world. That way, virus could reach cities like Frankfurt, Toronto etc. As we can see massive tourism helps diseases to expand. Besides humans, animals are also affected by new diseases brought by tourists of other countries. Another important effect of massive tourism is the one on the culture. Now we are living in a globalize world. This means that many aspects are the same in different countries. When many tourists arrive in a country like ours, the people of the host country start to behave like them. Little by little they start changing their image. The impact caused by tourist is strong in some places. For example in our jungle many amazon tribes have lost their traditions. Now they make presentation of typical dances of their tribes only for tourists. Once the tourists leave their tribe, these people start to behave as if they were from the cities. Their naturalness is lost. Same case happens in the highlands. Language is also affected by massive tourism. Nowadays most people understand English. In one way this is very practical for tourists but on the other hand English absorbs the other languages. The attraction of a country, in some cases, is based on the language. If one person wants to go to France in order to learn French, he will find that most people like to speak English or Spanish. The language is part of the culture in a country and it shouldn’t be change. When you see only tourists in one place, you will realize that the lifestyle s affected too. Being surrounded by tourists changes the way you act. This case is presented everyday in Ibiza. This international place has very few Spanish inhabitants. For this little population, life has acquired a different face. Their neighbors are no longer Spanish people but tourists. The way you treat tourists is not the same as you treat people from your country. That is why the lifestyle changes in places like Ibiza that receive mass ive tourism. One of the biggest effects of massive tourism is on the environment. Massive tourism can imply more incomes but is also means more people to attend and too much garbage. Too many people in one place can cause a mess. In fact the more disturbed is the people of the host country. The infrastructure suffers and is damaged because it can not stand multitudes. To illustrate this point Macchupichu is a good example. Recent investigation has revealed that Macchupichu and the whole city of Cuzco are suffering the consequences of the disorganized coming of tourists, especially in the high season. Conclusion Nowadays people are looking for ways to canalize their energy and just for a couple of days, get away from their problems, and meet new cultures and new people. As we have seen massive tourism is an alternative for people that has tight schedules and no time for recreation or just stop to breathe. This is why massive tourism does not only benefit individuals but also the whole society and encourages the population to take interest in the tourism industry and the protection of their culture. Nevertheless Massive Tourism also has a negative aspect for the countries if it is not treated as it should. An organize tourism brings benefits for sides, tourists and countries. Sometimes the solution isn’t in the quantity but in the quality of the services and the experience. In Perus case, this negative impact has taken a toll on the infrastructure in some important cities like Cuzco. This is way the authorities have started to develop new plans to organize these cities to receive an organized tourism without damaging the city.

Im Sorry that I was an Ass :: Love Letters Dating Email Relationships

Dear Tabitha, Hey, I am sorry that I was an ass to you for the past couple of days that I was with you. I am sorry and I hope that you will forgive me. I will write you and call you whenever I have time to enjoy talking with you, okay? I just want to explain exactly why I was acting so mad and pissy to you for the last couple of weeks, I know I probably shouldn't but I have to be true to you. I was just so cared and worried that you will not have the same love for me when I come home to you. I know that I shouldn't have acted like that and that is why I am truly and deeply sorry for making you hurt on both the inside and outside, but you must believe that my love for you will either stay the same or grow because without you I am lost. I should have told you all of this before I left but I did not want to see you cry anymore or be hurt with me watching because I can't even stand to watch that. So for all the pain that I have caused you, I am sorry. Believe me, I do love you and I never meant to hurt your feelings. I am very sorry for that but right now I can't stop thinking about how much I actually love you. I don't know if you have been thinking about it, my guess is that you probably have and you might have even cried. To tell you the truth, if I could cry about it I probably, would because I get watery eyes just thinking about how beautiful you are and how happy I am with you. I love you with all my heart Tabitha. I love you so much. It hurts me to sit here thinking about you and knowing that I will not be able to see you for 14 months. Even after talking to you twice today I came back to my room, set out our picture, and I became emotional just looking at your picture and thinking about you.

Character & story Essay

Character do counts. It is the foundation of our personality; hence, it portrays our inner self, and represents our whole identity. We are judged according to what we represent and what we shows. We are respected based on what we intend to be seen by others. Character do counts; because it is the basis of how we decide and how we pursue life. 2. Being ethical is important because it is a moral obligation which is important not only for ourselves, but for the entire population. We are bound to do things that will not harm every life, therefore, being ethical, is also being a person that is morally respected. 3. First in the â€Å"Six Pillar of Character† of Josephson is trustworthiness. (8) This pertains to one’s credibility through honesty. It is not just important to be honest with the other people, but also to be honest with yourself. To acquire trust form others, trust within oneself should be first recognized by himself. Holding and keeping promises creates a higher level of being trusted and credible. Trustworthiness is a character that summarizes your being as a person. Second is respect. (10) One of the most important character one should have is respect. Respect is usually is not earned but learned rather. â€Å"Learn to respect yourself before someone respects you†, which is true at all times. People will judge you according to what you intend to show them of who and what you are. It is not the question of who will respect you, but it’s how you respect yourself. Third is responsibility. (5) As a person bounded in the realm of the society, we are born with different kinds of responsibility attached to us. Therefore, we have responsibility to our family, in the society and in the country, and into every aspect that we live for. We are also accountable for our actions. It should be remembered that every steps and actions we make, are part of our responsibilities as a person. Fourth is fairness. (7) In a world full of inequality and injustice, we are expected to correct all these mistakes. Fairness in every action reflects what kind of person we are and how we are brought up. Fifth and sixth is caring (10) and citizenship (8). These two pertains to our attitude to a bigger context. It involves the practice of mentioned characters, as this is the application of what we have learned. Responsibility and being fair needs improvement in my part. Learning by internalizing will help improve myself. 4. Decision making is crucial when we do not understand the consequences that would result from a simple action. It is important to recognize the core foundations of a good decision; first is that we have the will and power what we do and what we say, and second is that we have are aware for the responsibility in such actions. To have an ethical and effective decision, there are several components in good choices. By looking in the options seriously, which means analyzing and evaluating first the options, we are close to a good decision. Recognizing important decisions from minor decisions should also be noticed to avoid mixing the level of importance. Good decision also requires discipline. To be able to make right decisions, we have to control ourselves to what we want and to what is right and just for all. Everyone in the cycle should be considered in taking decisions so that to lessen unlikely outcomes. 5. For example, Jake is a self-supporting student ever since he entered college. He survived for the last three and a half of his years in school through scholarships and doing part time jobs. But unfortunately, at his last semester in the school, he was not able to renew his scholarship due to his failing grade in a subject. Without having a scholarship, it will be difficult for him to pursue his studies, but he still has his part time job. Given these facts, he has to work double or trice to fully support his self; therefore, he needs to decrease the units that he will register on the coming semester to give way to his job. BUT, he is a graduating student on that semester. In doing so, he will be delayed in his graduation. The question is whether he should work full time or to register but to suffer the consequences, since he is financially unstable. Applying the Seven-Step Path to Better Decisions, Jake should first a lot several days for himself to think and make realizations. This will prevent rash decisions and late regrets. Then after that, Jake has to clarify what are his primary goals and objectives. Through this, it will be clear to what path he should be. After that, he should be able to recognize the facts that exist, like the fact of his financial instability. Right after that, he should think another ways and options depending on his primary goal. If it’s his graduation, then, he should think for another scholarship. Fifth, is to consider options. This should be filtered according to six pillars of characters. He has to do what he think is right for himself and for everybody. Sixth is to choose the best possible option. He should can for the advice of his friends or family so that the decision would not be bias to his self. Last is to monitor and modify, which means, still, evaluate the decision he have made. 6. Its all for a good cause. Good example of this is cheating in a basketball game; hurting opponents to win the championship for the benefit of the school. At the end, its still for the â€Å"goodness of everyone† as stated. It’s just part of the job. Basketball–intentionally pushing an opponent to get the ball. If its necessary, its ethical! Volleyball. Just to gain the fame and fund of the school, they have to win the game. On its last serve, its against your side; the opponent has successfully reached your court, but you’re the only one to see if its in! And since it’s necessary, you just claimed that it is out! 7. Its when I chose not to speak when my teacher in my grade school subject about the cheating arrangement of my classmates during our exam. It so happen that they are also my friends that’s why I didn’t mentioned a single thing. As a result, my name became involved that resulted to suspension for three days. 8. It’s when I decided to join a volunteer group before to deliver goods in an area affected by a calamity, and that the same day, I have a class to attend to, which I didn’t. As a result, I was overwhelmed by the response of the people on that particular area, and became one of my most treasured moments. 9. Happiness is simply doing what you most wanted, not only on a single benefit, but for all you love. It is achieving the core of wants and what you love. Happiness for your self is incomparable to the happiness that you will feel when you can see that this happiness is not just meant for your self, but rather being happy for someone. I want to be a person that sees happiness as the primary objective in the cycle of human emotions; a person that will be happy for someone in no matter what.

Aspirin Experiment

Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen INTRODUCTION: Synthesis and use of organic compounds is an extremely important area of modern chemistry. Approximately half of all chemists work with organic chemicals. In everyday life, many if not most of the chemicals you come in contact with are organic chemicals. Examples include drugs, synthetic fabrics, paints, plastics, etc. Synthesis of Aspirin and Methyl Salicylate. The two compounds we will be preparing, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate), are both organic esters.An ester is a compound that is formed when an acid (containing the COOH group) reacts with an alcohol (a compound containing an -OH group). O C R1 O H O + H O C R2 R1 O R2 + H O H acid alcohol ester water Here R1 and R 2 represent groups such as CH3 – or CH3 CH2 -. The reaction type shown above may be called a condensation reaction because the small molecule H 2 O is eliminated from the reactants while the remaining bits of t he reactant condense together to give the main product. This reaction may also be called an esterification, since the product of the reaction is an ster, a compound containing the CO2 R group (see chapter 11 for definitions of acids, esters, and alcohols). Esters usually have pleasant, fruit-like odors and are the chemicals responsible for the odors and flavors of many fruits (oranges, bananas, pineapples) and flowers. In most cases, such natural products get their properties from a mixture of organic compounds. In this experiment you will prepare two esters of o-hydroxybenzoic acid, more commonly known as salicylic acid. One of the esters, acetylsalicylic acid, is aspirin, the common analgesic. We will synthesize aspirin by mixing salicylic acid with acetic anhydride.The second ester product is oil of wintergreen, or methyl salicylate, which we prepare by allowing salicylic acid to react with methyl alcohol. This compound, which has a familiar odor is used as a flavoring agent and in rubbing ointments. Both of these reactions are shown below. Preparation of acetylsalicylic acid H H C C H C H C C C C O O H O H + O H3C H3C C O C O H H+ H H C C C H C C C C O O O C O CH3 + O C H3C O H H salicylic acid acetic anhydride acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) acetic acid Preparation of methyl salicylate H H C C H C H C C C C O O H O H + H O H H CH3 H+ H C C C C C C HO H + O H H O C O CH3 salicylic acid methanol methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) water This experiment illustrates several properties of organic synthesis. While both product compounds in the experiment are esters of the same compound (salicylic acid), they are quite different in structure. Aspirin involves a reaction of the -OH group of salicylic acid, while methyl salicylate involves a reaction of the COOH group of salicylic acid. Organic chemistry is the broad field of studying the tremendous variety of such reactions of organic functional groups. Purification by Recrystallization.After preparing the aspi rin, we will purify it. Most solids can be purified by recrystallization, at a cost of lower percent yield. Recrystallization is usually done by dissolving the substance in a suitable solvent, which is hot. If insoluble particles are present, the hot solution is filtered to remove them (we will skip this hot filtration step). The solution is allowed to cool slowly, and is eventually cooled in ice. The crystals that form slowly are more pure than the original solid. Characterization by Melting Point. A simple characterization technique that can be very useful in determining purity is melting point.It does not, however, tell much about the identities of the impurities. Pure materials usually have characteristic temperatures at which they melt, or a narrow temperature range (less than one degree) over which they melt. Impure compounds usually melt at a lower temperature, over a wider range. HAZARDS: Both acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid are reactive chemicals that can produce a serio us burn on contact with the skin, and are irritating to the eyes. In case of contact with these chemicals, wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water. Do not dispose of any chemicals down the sink. Instead use the waste containers provided.NOTE: The aspirin you will make is impure and must not be taken internally! LABORATORY OBSERVATIONS AND DATA: Be sure you make plenty of good qualitative observations, noting initial colors, odors, etc. , and any changes that occur during the experiment. Clearly label all numerical data. We will spend a little over one class day on this lab. In the first day, you need to prepare and recrystallize your aspirin. If time permits, you can also prepare the methyl salicylate. If not, this can wait until the second day when you will also take melting points of your crude and purified aspirin samples.PROCEDURE: Synthesis of aspirin. Weigh out approximately 2. 1 g of salicylic acid (record exact mass), and transfer it to a clean, dry 6 inch test tube. Us e the dispenser to carefully add 3 mL of acetic anhydride (density = 1. 08 g/mL) to the salicylic acid. Then add 3 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, H2 SO4 , to the reaction mixture (it acts as a catalyst and speeds up the reaction). Put the test tube in a beaker of boiling water in a hood and heat for five minutes after most of the solid has dissolved. Stir the mixture with a glass rod to break up any lumps.Pour the contents of the test tube into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 25 mL of water. Swirl the flask for a few minutes to mix the solutions and get rid of any unreacted acetic anhydride. (The acetic anhydride reacts with water to produce acetic acid. ) Place the flask in an ice bath and watch for a white solid to crystallize out. Occasionally a reaction will yield an oily product that resists crystallization. If that happens, scratch the bottom and sides of the flask with a glass stir rod to help start crystal formation, or warm the mixture just until the oil dissolves , and then re-cool.Allow 10 minutes for crystallization to occur. Meanwhile put a wash bottle of distilled water in some ice and prepare a Buchner funnel. Filter the solid, being sure to use a trap flask between the Buchner funnel flask and the aspirator. Wash the solid with a small amount of cold distilled water. Discard the liquid filtrate in the designated waste container. Pre-weigh an empty watch glass, then scrape your aspirin product off the filter paper onto the watch glass. Record this yield of crude aspirin. Use a bit of the solid product to pack a melting point capillary tube to use the second week to find the melting point of your crude product.Recrystallization of the crude aspirin to form pure aspirin Put 15-20 mL of distilled water on a hot plate to begin warming. Dissolve your crude aspirin product in about 5 mL of 95% ethanol in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. If some of your aspirin fails to dissolve, do the following: Prepare a warm water bath by using a beaker of water (about 50 mL in a 250 mL beaker), using a hot plate to heat the water bath. DO NOT USE A FLAME OR BUNSEN BURNER THE ETHANOL IS FLAMMABLE. Warm the Erlenmeyer flask containing the aspirin and ethanol in the warm water bath.When the aspirin has dissolved, add 15 mL of warm distilled water (50 o C approximately). If any crystals form at this point, reheat the mixture in the water bath to re-dissolve them. Let the solution cool slowly, with the mouth of the flask covered by a watch glass. When it is at room temperature, place it into the ice bath and leave it there a full ten minutes. After crystallization is complete, filter the crystals in a Buchner funnel, wash them with a little ice cold distilled water (put your squeeze bottle in the ice), and suction for several minutes. Discard the liquid filtrate in the designated waste container.Scrape the solid into a pre-weighed beaker and put in your drawer, lightly covered with a tissue. Do not cover it tightly because we want your product to finish drying until the next class period. You will need to get a final mass of this purified aspirin after allowing it to dry for a day. You will also take a melting point of the purified aspirin. When finished with the experiment, place your aspirin product in a test tube and stopper it. Label the test tube with your name, the name of the compound, and the date. Your instructor will collect this product. Synthesis of methyl salicylate.Place 0. 5 g of salicylic acid and 3 mL of methyl alcohol in a large test tube. Add 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid and then place the test tube in the hood in a water bath at 70 o C for 15 minutes. The boiling point of methyl alcohol is 64. 6 o C, so point the mouth of the tube away from others and avoid overheating, to minimize â€Å"bumping†. Note the odor before and after heating. Allow your methyl salicylate to cool to room temperature, then stopper the test tube. Add a label with your name, the compound name, and the date. Your instructor will collect this product.Determination of the Melting Point of your aspirin. You should already have a capillary tube packed with your impure aspirin. Now pack a tube with your pure aspirin. Put your two tubes in the melting point apparatus and slowly heat your samples. Record the temperature at which each starts to melt and the temperature at which it has all melted. (Your instructor will give you more instruction on these procedures. ) RESULTS: Calculate the theoretical yield of aspirin from the balanced equation given in the introduction. You will need to add up molar masses by counting the atoms shown in the structures.Be sure to determine the limiting reagent, either salicylic acid or acetic anhydride. You will need to use acetic anhydride’s density, 1. 08 g/mL. Show this work clearly in your report. Watch significant figures and units. Also report the masses of your crude and purified aspirin samples, and the percent yield of your final, purified aspirin. DI SCUSSION: Describe what your melting points say about the purity of your initial crude product and your recrystallized product. Pure aspirin has a melting point of 135o , while salicylic acid has a melting point of 157-159o .Impure compounds normally have lower melting points and broader melting ranges than if pure, even if the impurity would have a higher melting point itself. List all the compounds that could be mixed in with your aspirin product as impurities, i. e. all reactants, solvents, and other products. You should have six compounds besides aspirin. Briefly describe the source of each compound. Considering factors such as limiting reagent (which you just calculated), and procedural steps which may have removed some of these compounds, which compound(s) do you think are most likely to contaminate your aspirin product? ExplainQUESTIONS: 1. Infrared spectra are often used to get a quick look at the purity of a product. IR spectra of aspirin, as well as the salicylic acid and acetic anhydride used to prepare it Selected Infrared Frequencies are shown below. Consult the structures of these three Absorption Range, cm-1 Bond Type compounds from the introduction. Recall from our experiment 3600-3200 (usually broad) on IR that different bonds show up at different frequencies in O – H the IR spectrum. Prepare a listing for each compound, C – H 3300-2800 showing bonds and their IR frequencies taken from the B – H 2650-2300 spectra below.You need consider only those bonds listed in C ? N 2260-2220 the table at right. (It is hard to read the frequencies on the attached spectra accurately, so just approximate. The frequency values listed on the x-axis in the figures are 4000, 3000, 2000, 1500, and 1000 cm-1. ) 2. Look at the IR spectra again. Assume that you ran an IR spectrum of your aspirin, but that it was contaminated with unreacted salicylic acid. At what frequency in the spectrum would you look for evidence of this contamination? Explain your reasoning. IR Spectrum of Aspirin (KBr pellet)IR Spectrum of Salicyclic Acid (KBr pellet) IR Spectrum of Acetic Anhydride (liquid thin film) 3. 1 H NMR spectra of salicyclic acid and aspirin are shown below. Note that both have small, broad peaks near 11 ppm that were artificially enhanced to make them obvious on these spectra. The peaks around 7-8 ppm are all doublets, triplets, or messy multiplets; the other peaks are singlets. How many types of H should be expected for each compound based upon their structures? The two structures share many common features, and thus their spectra should be similar for these common features.Likewise, each structure has some unique type of hydrogen not found in the other. These should result in differences between the spectra. By simply comparing the structures and the spectra, decide which hydrogens on the structures give rise to which peaks. You won’t be able to assign all the peaks this way, but do as much as you can and explain you r reasoning. 4. The Merck Index is an extremely valuable reference that can be found in the Reference Section of the Fintel Library as well as several reading rooms on 5th floor Trexler.It is an especially good place to find basic information on organic compounds. Look up aspirin in The Merck Index. Summarize the information it gives about the solubility and decomposition of aspirin. Record the edition number and where you found this book. 5. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, often simply called â€Å"The CRC,† provides less information on each compound than The Merck Index does, but covers more inorganic compounds and includes hundreds of pages of other facts useful to chemists.In the CRC find the multipage table entitled Physical Constants of Organic Compounds. Within this table, find salicylic acid (some old editions may list it as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid). Record the information given about salicylic acid’s melting point, boiling point, and solubility. You w ill probably need to consult the listing of Symbols and Abbreviations given one or two pages in front of this huge table. Record the edition number of the book and where you found it.